The international cooperation programs culminated in 2015 with the drafting of the 2030 Agenda, divided into 17 principles of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets, which take up the previous Millennium Development Goals of 2000 to update them and make them more adherent to the challenges of the following decade. However, many of the initiatives undertaken can be classified as weak sustainability, without a concrete benefit for the environment. Subsequently, in 1987, the concept of sustainable global development was defined with the Brundtland report, then resumed with the Rio conference in 1992 (Agenda 21), the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000 (Millennium Development Goals, MDGs), the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD, Rio + 10) in 2002 and the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD, Rio + 20) in 2012, noting every time the urgency to pay attention to the problem of pressure of man on the natural system, of its vulnerability and resilience. Further research can improve the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) of materials and assess the entire building life cycle. The final design stage achieved a reduction of 91% in EC compared to a standard new construction, while the bio-based materials compensated for the rest. Material quantities were extracted from the BIM model and imported in OneClick LCA to assess embodied carbon emissions (A1–A5 modules, material production and supply, transport, construction). The aim of this research is to find out which strategies are relevant to meet NZCB target, in order to apply them to a case study of reuse of an abandoned building in Milan, highlighting the design process. Choosing bio-based materials is also helpful to compensate for EC, thanks to the biogenic carbon stored during their growth. Net Zero Carbon Buildings (NZCB) achieve a balance of zero emissions during their life cycle, promoting both reduction and compensation by adopting many strategies (e.g., reuse of existing structures, design for adaptability and disassembly, circular economy principles). Whole Life Carbon Assessment of a building, comprehensive of operational and embodied carbon (EC), is described by EN15978:2011. To meet the targets set by the Paris Agreement, including zero net emissions by 2050, it is necessary that governments develop a culture of sustainability. The building sector accounts for 38% of carbon emissions, the principal cause of climate change.
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